"werpen" meaning in Middle English

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Communication",
      "orig": "enm:Communication",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "warp"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "warp"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "warp"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "weorpan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English weorpan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*werpan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *werpan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*werpaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *werpaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "Notes on phonological development"
      },
      "expansion": "Notes on phonological development",
      "name": "col-top"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "verpa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse verpa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "varpa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse varpa",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English weorpan, from Proto-West Germanic *werpan, from Proto-Germanic *werpaną.\nNotes on phonological development\nForms with /u/ reflect the regular development of /we͜or/ in many dialects (reversed due to the influence of Old Norse verpa or analogy with other class 3 strong verbs). However, while those with /a/ primarily reflect the development of /ɛr/ to /ar/ or the influence of Old Norse varpa, earlier West Midland attestations likely originate in an Old English development from /o/ to /ɑ/ between a labial and /l/, /r/ in the past participle, which made it resemble the past participle of a class 7 strong verb with /a/ (such as (y)falle(n) and (y)walke(n), past participles of fallen and walken). The resulting past participle stem warp- was then levelled into the present as class 7 strong verbs typically had a single stem in both the present and past participle.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "werpeth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warp",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "worpen",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-st",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3/7 or weak in -ede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to werpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warp",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werped",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "worpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warp",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werped",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "worpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werped",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "worpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "worpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpeden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werped",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "worpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "worpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werped",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yworpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yworpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werp",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "worpe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warpe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warpen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werrpenn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warpon",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warpyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "werpen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "werpeth",
        "2": "werpynge",
        "3": "warp",
        "4": "worpen"
      },
      "expansion": "werpen (third-person singular simple present werpeth, present participle werpynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative warp, past participle worpen)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "werp",
        "2": "warp",
        "3": "worp",
        "4": "worp",
        "c": "3",
        "c2": "7",
        "w": "ede"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "awerpen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "forwerpen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "iwerpen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "moldewarpe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "warp"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "werpynge"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 4 7 4 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 3 3 3 9 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Gaits",
          "orig": "enm:Gaits",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To throw; to fling:",
        "To cast down; to throw off."
      ],
      "id": "en-werpen-enm-verb-OHyeXxEI",
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "fling",
          "fling"
        ],
        [
          "cast",
          "cast"
        ],
        [
          "down",
          "down"
        ],
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To throw; to fling:",
        "To throw into (hell, confinement)."
      ],
      "id": "en-werpen-enm-verb-tZ8McPAz",
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "fling",
          "fling"
        ],
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 3 1 4 5 2 2 4 3 15 5 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 1 3 1 18 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 4 1 3 6 2 2 4 2 19 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 1 22 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 3 1 2 6 1 1 3 1 26 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 30 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 2 11 2 4 4 4 4 4 13 13 13 2 2 2 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Weaving",
          "orig": "enm:Weaving",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To throw; to fling:",
        "To throw open (a gate)."
      ],
      "id": "en-werpen-enm-verb-VDW4gjcI",
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "fling",
          "fling"
        ],
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "open",
          "open"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "To throw; to fling:",
        "(rare) To throw open (a gate)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Early Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To throw; to fling:",
        "To sprinkle; to scatter."
      ],
      "id": "en-werpen-enm-verb-p1fs1XtV",
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "fling",
          "fling"
        ],
        [
          "sprinkle",
          "sprinkle"
        ],
        [
          "scatter",
          "scatter"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "To throw; to fling:",
        "(Early Middle English, rare) To sprinkle; to scatter."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To throw out:",
        "To thrust one's limb, head or hand out."
      ],
      "id": "en-werpen-enm-verb-GbHH~~0E",
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ],
        [
          "limb",
          "limb"
        ],
        [
          "head",
          "head"
        ],
        [
          "hand",
          "hand"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in figurative use) To throw out:",
        "To thrust one's limb, head or hand out."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in figurative use"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To throw out:",
        "To drive out; to force away."
      ],
      "id": "en-werpen-enm-verb-BzYjCt56",
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ],
        [
          "drive out",
          "drive out"
        ],
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in figurative use) To throw out:",
        "To drive out; to force away."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in figurative use"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To throw out:",
        "To speak; to talk."
      ],
      "id": "en-werpen-enm-verb-4sxaJqlO",
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ],
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "talk",
          "talk"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in figurative use) To throw out:",
        "To speak; to talk."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in figurative use"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To throw out:",
        "To produce (seeds, eggs)"
      ],
      "id": "en-werpen-enm-verb-gwNrexex",
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ],
        [
          "produce",
          "produce"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in figurative use) To throw out:",
        "To produce (seeds, eggs)"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in figurative use"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Early Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To throw out:",
        "To cast a gaze at."
      ],
      "id": "en-werpen-enm-verb-5iz6GGev",
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ],
        [
          "gaze",
          "gaze"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in figurative use) To throw out:",
        "(Early Middle English, rare) To cast a gaze at."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in figurative use"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 2 11 2 4 4 4 4 4 13 13 13 2 2 2 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Weaving",
          "orig": "enm:Weaving",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Senses related to weaving:",
        "To weave (interlace thread)."
      ],
      "id": "en-werpen-enm-verb-s8bh7Jz2",
      "links": [
        [
          "weave",
          "weave"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 2 11 2 4 4 4 4 4 13 13 13 2 2 2 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Weaving",
          "orig": "enm:Weaving",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Senses related to weaving:",
        "To warp threads; to arrange threads into a warp."
      ],
      "id": "en-werpen-enm-verb-wPSEy8iL",
      "links": [
        [
          "warp",
          "warp"
        ],
        [
          "thread",
          "thread"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 2 11 2 4 4 4 4 4 13 13 13 2 2 2 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Weaving",
          "orig": "enm:Weaving",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Senses related to weaving:",
        "To contrive; to scheme."
      ],
      "id": "en-werpen-enm-verb-6UXnVBmi",
      "links": [
        [
          "contrive",
          "contrive"
        ],
        [
          "scheme",
          "scheme"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Senses related to weaving:",
        "(figurative) To contrive; to scheme."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To rush or bound out."
      ],
      "id": "en-werpen-enm-verb-wyWSUx-S",
      "links": [
        [
          "rush",
          "rush"
        ],
        [
          "bound",
          "bound"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Late Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To warp; to bend."
      ],
      "id": "en-werpen-enm-verb-AkR~SWpZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "warp",
          "warp"
        ],
        [
          "bend",
          "bend"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Late Middle English) To warp; to bend."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To clothe oneself; to dress."
      ],
      "id": "en-werpen-enm-verb-MfptBERC",
      "links": [
        [
          "clothe",
          "clothe"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ],
        [
          "dress",
          "dress"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To clothe oneself; to dress."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Early Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 3 1 4 5 2 2 4 3 15 5 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 1 3 1 18 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 4 1 3 6 2 2 4 2 19 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 1 22 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 3 1 2 6 1 1 3 1 26 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 30 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 4 7 4 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 3 3 3 9 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Gaits",
          "orig": "enm:Gaits",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 2 11 2 4 4 4 4 4 13 13 13 2 2 2 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Weaving",
          "orig": "enm:Weaving",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To draw lots."
      ],
      "id": "en-werpen-enm-verb-6Da2j3yX",
      "links": [
        [
          "draw",
          "draw"
        ],
        [
          "lots",
          "lots"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Early Middle English, rare) To draw lots."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Late Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To fill up; to stuff."
      ],
      "id": "en-werpen-enm-verb-E0RN3lJJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "fill",
          "fill"
        ],
        [
          "stuff",
          "stuff"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Late Middle English, rare) To fill up; to stuff."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwɛrpən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwurpən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwarpən/",
      "note": "especially West Midland or Late Middle English"
    }
  ],
  "word": "werpen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English class 3 strong verbs",
    "Middle English class 7 strong verbs",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Communication",
    "enm:Gaits",
    "enm:Weaving"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "warp"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "warp"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "warp"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "weorpan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English weorpan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*werpan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *werpan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*werpaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *werpaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "Notes on phonological development"
      },
      "expansion": "Notes on phonological development",
      "name": "col-top"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "verpa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse verpa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "varpa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse varpa",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English weorpan, from Proto-West Germanic *werpan, from Proto-Germanic *werpaną.\nNotes on phonological development\nForms with /u/ reflect the regular development of /we͜or/ in many dialects (reversed due to the influence of Old Norse verpa or analogy with other class 3 strong verbs). However, while those with /a/ primarily reflect the development of /ɛr/ to /ar/ or the influence of Old Norse varpa, earlier West Midland attestations likely originate in an Old English development from /o/ to /ɑ/ between a labial and /l/, /r/ in the past participle, which made it resemble the past participle of a class 7 strong verb with /a/ (such as (y)falle(n) and (y)walke(n), past participles of fallen and walken). The resulting past participle stem warp- was then levelled into the present as class 7 strong verbs typically had a single stem in both the present and past participle.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "werpeth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warp",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "worpen",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-st",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3/7 or weak in -ede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to werpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warp",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werped",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "worpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warp",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werped",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "worpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werped",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "worpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "worpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpeden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werped",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "worpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "worpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werped",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yworpen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yworpe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werp",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werpe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "worpe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warpe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warpen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werrpenn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warpon",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warpyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "werpen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "werpeth",
        "2": "werpynge",
        "3": "warp",
        "4": "worpen"
      },
      "expansion": "werpen (third-person singular simple present werpeth, present participle werpynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative warp, past participle worpen)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "werp",
        "2": "warp",
        "3": "worp",
        "4": "worp",
        "c": "3",
        "c2": "7",
        "w": "ede"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "awerpen"
    },
    {
      "word": "forwerpen"
    },
    {
      "word": "iwerpen"
    },
    {
      "word": "moldewarpe"
    },
    {
      "word": "warp"
    },
    {
      "word": "werpynge"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To throw; to fling:",
        "To cast down; to throw off."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "fling",
          "fling"
        ],
        [
          "cast",
          "cast"
        ],
        [
          "down",
          "down"
        ],
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To throw; to fling:",
        "To throw into (hell, confinement)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "fling",
          "fling"
        ],
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To throw; to fling:",
        "To throw open (a gate)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "fling",
          "fling"
        ],
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "open",
          "open"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "To throw; to fling:",
        "(rare) To throw open (a gate)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Early Middle English",
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To throw; to fling:",
        "To sprinkle; to scatter."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "fling",
          "fling"
        ],
        [
          "sprinkle",
          "sprinkle"
        ],
        [
          "scatter",
          "scatter"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "To throw; to fling:",
        "(Early Middle English, rare) To sprinkle; to scatter."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To throw out:",
        "To thrust one's limb, head or hand out."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ],
        [
          "limb",
          "limb"
        ],
        [
          "head",
          "head"
        ],
        [
          "hand",
          "hand"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in figurative use) To throw out:",
        "To thrust one's limb, head or hand out."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in figurative use"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To throw out:",
        "To drive out; to force away."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ],
        [
          "drive out",
          "drive out"
        ],
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in figurative use) To throw out:",
        "To drive out; to force away."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in figurative use"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To throw out:",
        "To speak; to talk."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ],
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "talk",
          "talk"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in figurative use) To throw out:",
        "To speak; to talk."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in figurative use"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To throw out:",
        "To produce (seeds, eggs)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ],
        [
          "produce",
          "produce"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in figurative use) To throw out:",
        "To produce (seeds, eggs)"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in figurative use"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Early Middle English",
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To throw out:",
        "To cast a gaze at."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ],
        [
          "gaze",
          "gaze"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in figurative use) To throw out:",
        "(Early Middle English, rare) To cast a gaze at."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in figurative use"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Senses related to weaving:",
        "To weave (interlace thread)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "weave",
          "weave"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Senses related to weaving:",
        "To warp threads; to arrange threads into a warp."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "warp",
          "warp"
        ],
        [
          "thread",
          "thread"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Senses related to weaving:",
        "To contrive; to scheme."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "contrive",
          "contrive"
        ],
        [
          "scheme",
          "scheme"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Senses related to weaving:",
        "(figurative) To contrive; to scheme."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To rush or bound out."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rush",
          "rush"
        ],
        [
          "bound",
          "bound"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Late Middle English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To warp; to bend."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "warp",
          "warp"
        ],
        [
          "bend",
          "bend"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Late Middle English) To warp; to bend."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To clothe oneself; to dress."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "clothe",
          "clothe"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ],
        [
          "dress",
          "dress"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To clothe oneself; to dress."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Early Middle English",
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To draw lots."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "draw",
          "draw"
        ],
        [
          "lots",
          "lots"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Early Middle English, rare) To draw lots."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Late Middle English",
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To fill up; to stuff."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fill",
          "fill"
        ],
        [
          "stuff",
          "stuff"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Late Middle English, rare) To fill up; to stuff."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwɛrpən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwurpən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwarpən/",
      "note": "especially West Midland or Late Middle English"
    }
  ],
  "word": "werpen"
}